Carbon steels contain only carbon as the principal alloying element. Carbon Steel is Steel that owes its properties chiefly to the presence of carbon, without substantial amounts of alloying elements (ordinary steel, straight carbon steel, plain carbon steel).

Other elements are present in small quantities, including those added for deoxidation. Silicon and manganese in cast carbon steels typically range from 0.25 to about 0.80% Si and 0.50 to about 1.00% Mn.

Carbon steel castings are produced to a great variety of properties because composition and heat treatment can be selected to achieve specific combinations of properties, including hardness, strength, ductility, fatigue resistance, and toughness. Although selections can be made from a wide range of properties, it is important to recognize the interrelationships among these properties.

Carbon steel castings are designated as:

• Low Carbon Steel casting
• Medium Carbon Steel casting
• High Carbon Steel casting

Low carbon steel castings have a carbon content of less than .20 percent. Their tensile strength (annealed) ranges from 40,000 to 70,000 pounds per square inch.

Medium carbon steel castings have carbon content from .20 to .50 percent. Their tensile strength (annealed) ranges from 65,000 to 105,000 pounds per square inch.

High carbon steel castings have a carbon content of more than .50 percent. Their tensile strength (annealed) ranges from 95,000 to 125,000 pounds per square inch.

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